Appalachian Community Histories – Stewart, Montgomery County: Railroads, Iron Ore, and the Sumners Legacy
In the eastern reaches of Montgomery County, Mississippi, the community of Stewart occupies a landscape shaped by railroads, agriculture, timber, and the changing fortunes of rural life. Although Stewart has never approached the size of nearby Winona or Eupora, its history stretches back into the nineteenth century, when the arrival of railroad transportation helped transform small settlements throughout central Mississippi into communities connected to regional markets and the wider country.
Stewart emerged during an era when railroad stations often became the centers of rural communities. Farmers depended on transportation to move their crops and livestock, merchants needed reliable connections to suppliers, and families relied on the railroad and postal service to communicate with neighboring towns. In Stewart, these developments led to the establishment of a post office in 1889 and formal incorporation in 1892, giving the community an identifiable place within Montgomery County’s growing transportation network.
The town’s early importance is recorded in Dunbar Rowland’s Encyclopedia of Mississippi History, published in 1907, which identified Stewart as an incorporated railroad and postal town situated approximately eighteen miles east of Winona and twelve miles west of Eupora. Rowland reported that Stewart had an estimated population of 200 in 1906, a modest figure that nevertheless reflected the community’s established position along the Southern Railway.
Over the following century, Stewart experienced many of the changes that affected rural Mississippi communities, including the decline of passenger railroad service, changes in agricultural employment, small-scale mineral development, and the movement of population toward larger towns. Its history also became connected to a regional educational foundation that eventually provided college assistance to thousands of Mississippi students. Through these developments, Stewart offers a revealing example of how a small settlement could participate in the economic and social history of an entire region.
The Railroad and the Establishment of Stewart
The origins of Stewart as a recognized community were closely connected to the development of rail transportation across central Mississippi during the late nineteenth century. Montgomery County itself had been established on May 13, 1871, from portions of Carroll and Choctaw counties, and during the following decades its agricultural economy benefited from expanding transportation connections.
Railroad development brought new opportunities for communities along the proposed routes. The Greenville, Columbus and Birmingham Railway Company had received an expanded charter in 1873 for a railroad crossing several Mississippi counties, including Montgomery, Choctaw, and Lowndes. Construction and corporate reorganizations proceeded over subsequent years, and by 1889 the line connecting Columbus and Greenville had opened under the Georgia Pacific system.
The railroad created a transportation corridor through communities that previously depended much more heavily on roads and wagon travel. Stewart stood along this east-west route, between the neighboring railroad stations of Kilgore and Pellez, connecting the settlement to Winona, Eupora, Columbus, and other communities across Mississippi.
According to the historical railroad research compiled by Tony Howe for Mississippi Rails, Stewart’s post office was established on November 12, 1889. The establishment of postal service was an important development for a rural community because it provided a dependable point for receiving correspondence, conducting business, and maintaining connections beyond the immediate countryside. A post office also helped establish a settlement’s recognized identity, even when its population remained relatively small.
Less than three years later, on June 9, 1892, Stewart was formally incorporated. The date appears in a historical compilation of Mississippi municipal charters drawn from the records of the Mississippi Secretary of State, where the incorporation is referenced in Book 1, page 29. Although the original incorporation documents would be needed to identify the petitioners and precise town boundaries, the surviving reference confirms that Stewart had obtained municipal recognition by the early 1890s.
The timing was significant because Stewart developed during a period when the railroad was changing the commercial geography of Montgomery County. Previously isolated agricultural areas could now send produce and other goods toward larger markets, while manufactured supplies could reach settlements that had once depended on more difficult overland transportation.
Stewart’s position on the railroad did not make it a major commercial center, but it gave the community a role within this expanding network. Its station served as a connection between the surrounding rural countryside and the towns that supported broader banking, commercial, and transportation services.
Stewart at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century
By the opening years of the twentieth century, Stewart had become established enough to appear in one of Mississippi’s most important historical reference works. In 1907, historian and state archivist Dunbar Rowland included a brief description of the community in the second volume of his Encyclopedia of Mississippi History.
Rowland described Stewart as an incorporated post town in eastern Montgomery County, situated along the Southern Railway. He identified Kilmichael as the nearest banking town, noted that Stewart possessed a money order post office, and recorded its population in 1906 as 200 people.
Although the description was brief, it reveals several important characteristics of Stewart’s early development. The railroad and post office provided the community with transportation and communication services, while its proximity to Kilmichael gave residents access to banking facilities that were not necessarily available within Stewart itself. The settlement therefore functioned as one part of a larger collection of neighboring communities, each contributing different services to the surrounding rural population.
Stewart’s early development must also be understood within Montgomery County’s agricultural economy. In the late nineteenth century, the county’s farmers raised cotton, grain, and livestock, while the surrounding countryside contained numerous small farms and agricultural communities. According to the Mississippi Encyclopedia, Montgomery County had a population of 16,536 in 1900, with agriculture remaining its dominant economic activity.
The county was also shaped by substantial racial and economic differences. In 1900, African Americans constituted a slight majority of Montgomery County’s population, but landownership opportunities were far from equal. The Mississippi Encyclopedia reports that approximately two-thirds of white farming families owned their land, compared with only about one-fifth of Black farming families. These countywide figures do not establish the circumstances of every household in Stewart, but they provide essential context for understanding the rural society in which the community developed.
Agricultural conditions influenced nearly every aspect of small-town life. Farmers required places to sell crops, purchase supplies, receive correspondence, and connect with merchants, while railroad stations helped link local production to the larger economy. Even where a community had only a few hundred residents, its importance could extend across the surrounding countryside.
By 1925, Rowland’s later historical work, Mississippi: The Heart of the South, continued to identify Stewart among Montgomery County’s established settlements. His discussion of the county emphasized its railroad connections and agricultural production, noting that cereals, hay, forage, and vegetables contributed significantly to the value of local crops in 1919.
The continued appearance of Stewart in these publications suggests that the community had maintained a recognizable identity well beyond the initial period of railroad construction. While surviving reference works provide limited information about individual businesses and families, they confirm that Stewart remained part of the county’s established settlement network during the early twentieth century.
Trains, Transportation, and Changing Times
For much of Stewart’s early history, the railroad remained one of the community’s most important connections to the outside world. Railroad ownership and management changed several times, but the route continued to link Stewart with communities extending from Columbus toward the Mississippi Delta.
Following the financial difficulties of the Richmond and Danville system in the 1890s, the Southern Railway Company acquired the line between Columbus and Greenville. The railroad subsequently operated in Mississippi through the Southern Railway Company in Mississippi, which maintained service along the route during the early twentieth century.
The Mississippi Department of Archives and History preserves an extensive collection of Columbus and Greenville Railway Company records covering the years 1906 through 1971. According to the collection’s historical account, the line experienced financial difficulties following the First World War, eventually entering receivership in 1921. Rather than disappearing, the railroad was reorganized, and in August 1923 it was purchased by investors who established the Columbus and Greenville Railway Company.
Stewart remained one of the stations along the route. The archival history identifies passenger and freight service operating through numerous communities, including Eupora, Tomnolen, Stewart, Kilmichael, and Winona. For residents of small settlements, the trains offered more than a means of transporting goods because passenger service also provided an important connection to destinations beyond the immediate countryside.
The importance of railroad transportation can be seen in the geographic records preserved by Mississippi Rails, which identifies Stewart at milepost 66.66, measured from Columbus after a 1923 railroad mileage revision. Kilgore appeared as the next station west of Stewart, while Pellez stood to the east.
Historical railroad maps also illustrate the broader transportation system to which the community belonged. The Mississippi Railroad Commission’s maps of 1888, 1898, and 1900 document the changing rail network during the period when Stewart was becoming established.
The railroad’s importance, however, did not remain unchanged. During the twentieth century, improvements in roads and the growing use of automobiles and trucks gradually altered transportation patterns across rural Mississippi. The Columbus and Greenville Railway’s archival history records that passenger service ended in 1948, marking the conclusion of an important era for the communities along the line.
Although freight transportation continued to influence the regional economy, the disappearance of passenger trains changed the relationship between railroad settlements and their neighboring towns. For Stewart, the railroad remained part of its historical identity even as other transportation systems became increasingly important in everyday life.
Schools, Churches, and the Families of Stewart
The history of Stewart cannot be understood through railroad and commercial records alone. Like other rural Mississippi communities, Stewart’s identity also developed through families, churches, schools, and the institutions that brought residents together across generations.
Federal census records provide important evidence of the community’s continued existence during the twentieth century. The 1920 census identified Stewart as a village within Montgomery County’s Beat 4, Mayfield, which also included Kilmichael. Later census materials continued to distinguish Stewart from the surrounding countryside, including enumeration records from 1930, 1940, and 1950.
These records are particularly valuable because they preserve information that general county histories often overlook. Original census schedules can identify individual residents, their ages, occupations, family relationships, and places of birth, allowing historians to reconstruct the community through the people who lived there rather than relying solely on descriptions of its transportation and economy.
Education was another important aspect of rural community life. Surviving Montgomery County school census collections cover portions of the early and middle twentieth century, including records from 1912, 1916, 1920, 1925, 1927, and the 1950s. Although these collections require further examination to establish the histories of individual Stewart-area schools, they offer an important means of identifying local children, parents, and educational institutions.
One unusually specific reference to education near Stewart appears in Franklin Earl Vestal’s 1951 geological survey of the region. While describing an iron ore deposit approximately three miles north of Stewart, Vestal identified a road junction near a school for Black children, using the period’s term “Negro school.” The reference was incidental to his geological investigation, but it preserves evidence of a segregated educational facility in the surrounding countryside during the era of legally enforced school segregation.
Churches also formed an important part of the community’s social and religious landscape. The Montgomery County MSGenWeb church directory identifies several congregations associated with Stewart, including Milligan Springs Baptist Church, New Pleasant Springs Missionary Baptist Church, Pine Forest Baptist Church, Stewart Baptist Church, and Union Grove Missionary Baptist Church.
The directory does not establish the original founding dates of these congregations, but their association with Stewart illustrates the religious institutions connected to the community. Church records, membership registers, cemetery inscriptions, and family histories may provide further information about the generations who lived in and around the settlement.
The importance of religious life also reflected broader county patterns. According to the Mississippi Encyclopedia, more than 90 percent of Montgomery County’s church members recorded in the 1916 religious census belonged to Baptist or Methodist congregations. These denominations occupied an important place in the county’s religious history, although the circumstances of individual Stewart churches require their own documentation.
Together, the census records, school records, and religious institutions offer a different perspective on Stewart’s past. While the railroad established a commercial connection to other towns, the families and institutions of the community helped preserve its identity beyond the changes in transportation and economic conditions.
Iron Ore and the Mineral History of the Stewart Area
One of the more unusual chapters in Stewart’s history concerns the deposits of iron ore discovered and investigated in the surrounding countryside during the middle of the twentieth century. Although Mississippi is more commonly associated with agricultural production than iron mining, geological studies identified substantial iron-bearing formations across portions of Webster, Montgomery, and Choctaw counties.
The development of these deposits attracted considerable attention during the years following the Second World War. In 1951, the Mississippi State Geological Survey published Franklin Earl Vestal’s Webster County Iron Ores, a detailed investigation that also examined the neighboring portions of eastern Montgomery County and northern Choctaw County.
Vestal’s report identified a mineral district known as the Stewart Field, which included approximately thirty square miles in southwestern Webster County north of Stewart and thirteen square miles in western Choctaw County south of the community. The study documented iron ore formations exposed along roads, hillsides, and creek valleys, showing that the surrounding landscape contained deposits that might have commercial value.
Approximately three miles north of Stewart, Vestal examined one of the thickest individual iron ore beds recorded during his investigation of Webster County. The deposit, exposed in a shallow road cutting, measured approximately one and one-half to two feet thick. Other nearby locations contained scattered iron ore masses and thinner beds, although geological conditions varied considerably across the area.
The survey estimated that the potentially mineable portions of the entire Stewart Field contained approximately 2,758,560 long tons of iron ore. This was a geological estimate rather than a record of ore actually extracted, and Vestal cautioned that the depth of covering material and irregular distribution of deposits could make profitable mining difficult in some locations.
The mining activity occurring elsewhere in the region nevertheless demonstrated that the deposits were more than a scientific curiosity. During the late 1940s, residents of nearby Kilmichael organized a company to develop iron ore deposits in eastern Montgomery and western Webster counties. The company eventually became known as the Kilmichael Ore Corporation, and shipments began moving toward furnaces in Birmingham, Alabama, during the closing months of 1950.
A later investigation published by Mississippi geologist Marshall K. Kern in 1963 provides particularly important evidence of Stewart’s connection to the industry. In An Investigation of Mississippi Iron Ores, Kern reported that Columbus and Greenville Railroad records documented the shipment of thirty-seven railroad carloads of iron ore from Kilmichael and Stewart between 1950 and 1959.
Together, the shipments represented 2,004 long tons of ore, including twenty-two carloads containing 1,174 long tons in 1951 alone. The report does not separate the total into individual amounts shipped from Stewart and Kilmichael, but it clearly identifies Stewart as one of the railroad shipping points associated with the regional mining operation.
The commercial effort eventually proved difficult to sustain. Kern’s report noted that the mining company had become inactive by 1959, with transportation costs, ore quality, and the expense of mining and processing contributing to the economic challenges faced by Mississippi’s iron ore industry.
Although the operation never developed into a major industrial enterprise, its history reveals an often-overlooked part of Stewart’s past. The same railroad that had helped establish the community in the nineteenth century was still participating in regional industrial activity more than sixty years later, carrying mineral resources from the surrounding countryside toward distant markets.
E. H. Sumners and a Legacy of Higher Education
Stewart’s historical connections extend beyond transportation, agriculture, and mineral production. One of the community’s most significant associations involves the timber businessman E. H. Sumners and the educational foundation established in his memory, an institution that would eventually help thousands of Mississippi students pursue higher education.
A Mississippi Department of Archives and History historical marker erected in 1989 identified E. H. Sumners as a timberman associated with Stewart. The marker, formerly located near the intersection of U.S. Highway 82 and Stewart-Lodi Road, commemorated the educational trust created in his honor by his wife.
E. H. “Harry” Sumners and his wife, Mary P. “Ging” Sumners, were originally from Indiana and developed an extensive timber business in central Mississippi. Their business activities eventually produced substantial holdings in timberland, while their interest in philanthropy led to educational assistance programs intended to benefit young people across the region.
According to a historical account published by the University of Mississippi Foundation in 2010, Harry Sumners died in 1952, and his wife subsequently established the Sumners Foundation as a means of preserving his legacy and expanding educational opportunity. The university account associates the couple with Eupora, while the historical marker specifically identifies Harry Sumners with Stewart, reflecting the foundation’s connections to the broader region.
The foundation provided tuition assistance to students from five Mississippi counties: Montgomery, Webster, Choctaw, Attala, and Carroll. Eligible students attending participating Mississippi institutions could receive financial support toward their education, with the program eventually assisting thousands of recipients.
The foundation’s resources came from the couple’s timber interests. The University of Mississippi Foundation reported that the sale of timber associated with more than 19,000 acres of land helped establish a substantial educational fund, which grew considerably through subsequent investment and management.
By 2010, the university reported that the foundation had distributed approximately $83 million in educational assistance since its formation, demonstrating the lasting influence of the Sumners family’s philanthropy.
For Stewart, this connection represents a different kind of historical legacy. The community was part of a region whose timber resources helped create educational opportunities for generations of students, linking the economic activity of rural Mississippi to the development of universities and colleges throughout the state.
Although the historical marker commemorating the foundation has been reported missing, its recorded inscription preserves the connection between Stewart and one of central Mississippi’s important educational benefactors.
Stewart in the Modern Era
Like many rural communities established during the railroad era, Stewart entered the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries with a much smaller population than it had possessed during its early development.
The community had been described as having approximately 200 residents in 1906, but the 2020 United States Census recorded just 99 residents within the modern Stewart census-designated place. The Census Bureau also identified 75 housing units within the designated area.
The figures demonstrate Stewart’s small modern population, although the 1906 historical estimate and the 2020 census count should not be treated as perfectly comparable measurements because their geographic boundaries and methods of enumeration may have differed.
The community’s government classification also changed over time. While nineteenth-century records identify Stewart as an incorporated town, the Census Bureau’s 2020 geographic records classify it as a census-designated place. The precise circumstances and date of any change in municipal status require additional investigation through Mississippi government records.
Stewart nevertheless remains identifiable on modern maps, including the Montgomery County highway system and federal geographic records. Its location continues to reflect the transportation corridor that originally encouraged the development of the settlement, while the surrounding landscape preserves the geographic relationships among the communities of Montgomery, Webster, and Choctaw counties.
Historical documents offer several ways to recover additional details about Stewart’s past. The Winona Times, which began publication during the nineteenth century, may preserve accounts of local businesses, residents, schools, and public events. Federal census schedules can reveal family histories, while surviving county school records and cemetery collections provide opportunities to investigate successive generations of residents.
The railroad archives are another particularly promising resource. The Mississippi Department of Archives and History’s Columbus and Greenville Railway collection contains a 1916 inventory of railroad buildings, including photographs, plans, and specifications for structures along the main line. Although Stewart-specific images have not yet been confirmed within the inventory, these records could help establish the appearance and operation of the community’s railroad facilities.
Such materials are important because smaller communities seldom received the same historical attention as county seats or larger commercial towns. Their histories frequently survive in scattered references rather than comprehensive local accounts, making the careful examination of original records essential.
Remembering the History of Stewart
The story of Stewart, Mississippi, demonstrates how a small railroad settlement could become connected to several important developments in the history of the state. Its establishment in the late nineteenth century reflected the expansion of rail transportation, its early economy depended on the agricultural countryside, and its twentieth-century history included mineral exploration, changing transportation systems, and the influence of regional timber wealth.
The surviving records also reveal how much remains to be discovered. While official documents establish the community’s incorporation, postal history, railroad connections, and association with iron ore shipments, the experiences of the people who lived there deserve further attention. Their stories may remain in census records, school registers, church histories, newspapers, family collections, and the memories of descendants.
Stewart never became a major city or an industrial center, but its significance does not depend upon population alone. The settlement was part of a network of communities that sustained rural Mississippi through agricultural production, railroad commerce, religious institutions, and local relationships.
Today, the history of Stewart can still be traced through the records left by railroad companies, government agencies, geologists, and historians who documented the community during different periods of its development. Taken together, these sources reveal a place whose identity was shaped by much more than its small size.
For Montgomery County, Stewart remains a reminder of the communities that developed along the railroad tracks and helped connect rural Mississippi to the wider world. Its history belongs not only to the trains that passed through, the ore shipped from nearby hills, or the timber that supported education, but also to the generations of families who made this small settlement their home.
Sources & Further Reading
Rowland, Dunbar, ed. Encyclopedia of Mississippi History: Comprising Sketches of Counties, Towns, Events, Institutions, and Persons. Vol. 2. Madison, WI: S. A. Brant, 1907, 733. https://ldsgenealogy.com/MS/books/Encyclopedia-of-Mississippi-History-Comprising-Sketches-of-Counties-Towns-Events-Institutions-and-Persons-Vol-II-part-88.htm.
Rowland, Dunbar. Mississippi: The Heart of the South. Vol. 2. Chicago: S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1925, 795–796. https://msgw.org/history/montgomery.htm.
Mississippi Secretary of State. Charters of Municipalities. Book 1, 29. Incorporation of Stewart, June 9, 1892. Transcribed in “Mississippi Towns Incorporated, 1803–1925.” Mississippi Genealogy Trails. https://www.genealogytrails.com/miss/towns_incorporated.htm.
Mississippi Department of Archives and History. “Register of the Columbus and Greenville Railway Company Records, 1906–1971.” Collection Z/1679. https://finding.mdah.ms.gov/manuscripts/z1679000.
Mississippi Railroad Commission. Railroad Commissioners’ Map of Mississippi. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1888. Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Series 2485. https://da.mdah.ms.gov/series/mrc/2485/detail/165074.
Mississippi Railroad Commission. Railroad Commissioners’ Map of Mississippi. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1898. Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Series 2485. https://da.mdah.ms.gov/series/mrc/2485/detail/165076.
Mississippi Railroad Commission. Railroad Commissioners’ Map of Mississippi. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1900. Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Series 2485. https://da.mdah.ms.gov/series/mrc/2485/detail/165077.
Howe, Tony. “Stewart, Mississippi.” Mississippi Rails. https://msrailroads.com/~msrailr1/Towns/Stewart.htm.
Vestal, Franklin Earl. Webster County Iron Ores. Bulletin 73. University, MS: Mississippi State Geological Survey, 1951. https://geology.deq.ms.gov/Publications/Bulletins/Bulletin0073/MGS_BU0073.pdf.
Vestal, Franklin Earl. Webster County Geology. Bulletin 75. University, MS: Mississippi State Geological Survey, 1952. https://www.mdeq.ms.gov/geology/work-areas/publications-and-map-sales/categories/bulletins/webster-county-geology-18539/.
Kern, Marshall K. An Investigation of Mississippi Iron Ores. Bulletin 101. Jackson: Mississippi Geological, Economic and Topographical Survey, 1963. https://www.mdeq.ms.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Bulletin-101.pdf.
Priddy, R. R., and T. E. McCutcheon. Montgomery County Mineral Resources. Bulletin 51. Mississippi State Geological Survey, 1943. U.S. Geological Survey, National Geologic Map Database. https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_70212.htm.
United States Bureau of the Census. Thirteenth Census of the United States: 1910. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1910. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/1910/dec/bulletins/demographics.html.
United States Bureau of the Census. Fourteenth Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1920. Vol. 1, Population: Number and Distribution of Inhabitants. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1921. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/1921/dec/vol-01-population.html.
United States Bureau of the Census. Fifteenth Census of the United States: 1930. Montgomery County, Mississippi, Enumeration District 49-9, Stewart Village. Microfilm Publication T626, Roll 1160. Enumeration district index, USGenWeb Census Project. https://www.us-census.org/states/mississippi/teams/Montgomery1930-T626-1160.htm.
United States Bureau of the Census. 1950 Census of Population. Stewart Village, Montgomery County, Mississippi, Enumeration District 49-19. National Archives and Records Administration. https://1950census.archives.gov/.
United States Census Bureau. “State of Mississippi Census Designated Places, 2020 Census.” TIGERweb Geographic Files. https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/tigerwebmain/Files/bas26/tigerweb_bas26_cdp_2020_tab20_ms.html.
National Archives and Records Administration. “Post Office Records.” Record Group 28, Records of the Post Office Department. https://www.archives.gov/research/post-offices.
National Archives and Records Administration. “Post Office Reports of Site Locations, 1837–1950.” Microfilm Publication M1126. https://www.archives.gov/research/post-offices/locations-1837-1950.html.
Mississippi Department of Archives and History. “Montgomery County Government Records, 1873–1913.” Government Records Finding Aids. https://finding.mdah.ms.gov/government-records/mont.
Mississippi State Department of Education. Enumeration of Educable Children, Montgomery County, Mississippi, 1912–1957. Mississippi Department of Archives and History, School Census Collections. https://koha-public.mdah.ms.gov/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=63941.
Mississippi State University Libraries. “Mississippi Newspapers on Microfilm.” Archives and Special Collections. https://www.library.msstate.edu/specialcollections/collections/miss/newspapers.
Mississippi State University Libraries. “Mississippi Genealogy by County.” Archives and Special Collections. https://www.library.msstate.edu/specialcollections/collections/genealogy/ms.
History of Montgomery County, Mississippi. 1993. Mississippi State University Libraries, Special Collections, call no. F347.M75 H57 1993. https://www.library.msstate.edu/specialcollections/collections/genealogy/ms.
Crouch, Evelyn Bell. Montgomery County, Mississippi Cemetery Records. 1996. Mississippi State University Libraries, Special Collections, call no. F347.M75 C76 1996. https://www.library.msstate.edu/specialcollections/collections/genealogy/ms.
Mississippi Department of Archives and History. “E. H. Sumners Foundation.” Historical marker erected 1989. Inscription and photographs recorded by the Historical Marker Database. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=170377.
University of Mississippi Foundation. “UM Alumnus Becomes First to Give Back to Sumners Foundation for College Assistance.” September 27, 2010. https://www.umfoundation.com/2010/09/27/um-alumnus-becomes-first-to-give-back-to-sumners-foundation-for-college-assistance/.
Mississippi Encyclopedia. “Montgomery County.” Center for the Study of Southern Culture, University of Mississippi. https://mississippiencyclopedia.org/entries/montgomery-county/.
Montgomery County MSGenWeb. “Community Information: Churches.” USGenWeb Project. https://www.msgw.org/montgomery/community/churches.html.
Appalachian Regional Commission. “Appalachian Counties Served by ARC.” https://www.arc.gov/appalachian-counties-served-by-arc/.
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